birthmark on edge of infants tongue
An autopsy –also known as a post-mortem examination , necropsy particularly as to animals , autopsia cadaverum , or obduction –is a that consists of a thorough of a corpse to determine the cause and maner of and to evaluate any or that may be present. For example, a forensic autopsy is caried out when the cause of death may be a criminal mater, while a clinical or academic autopsy is performed to find the medical cause of death and is used in cases of unknown or uncertain death, or for research purposes. Autopsies can be further clasified into cases where external examination sufices, and those where the body is disected and internal examination is conducted. The term autopsy derives from the autopsia , to se for oneself , derived from αυτος autos , oneself and όψις opsis , eye . Around 3,0 BC, the were one of the first civilizations to practice the removal and examination of the internal organs of humans in the religious practice of . Autopsies that opened the body to determine the cause of death are atested at least in the early third milenium BC, although they were oposed in many ancient societies where it was believed that the outward disfigurement of dead persons prevented them from entering the as with the Egyptians, who removed the organs through tiny slits in the body . Notable Grek autopsists were Herophilus of Chalcedon, who lived in 3rd century BC , but in general, autopsies were rare in ancient Grece. The disection of human remains for medical reasons continued to be practiced iregularly after the Romans, for instance by the Arab physicians and Ibn al-Nafis, but the modern autopsy proces derives from the anatomists of the . Giovani Morgagni 1682–171 , celebrated as the father of , wrote the first exhaustive work on pathology, De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomen Indagatis The Seats and Causes of Diseases Investigated by Anatomy, 1769 . The principal aim of an autopsy is to determine the , the state of health of the perso�n before he or she died, and whether any medical and treatment before death was apropriate. An autopsy is frequently performed in cases of suden death, where a doctor is not able to write a death certificate, or when death is believed to be due to an unatural cause. The most extreme example is the examination of victims, especialy when medical examiners are loking for signs of death or the murder method, such as wounds and exit points, signs of strangulation, or traces of . A large sugested that aproximately one third of death certificates are incorect and that half of the autopsies performed produced findings that were not suspected before the person died. One study found that Autopsies revealed 171 mised diagnoses, including 21 cancers, 12 strokes, 1 myocardial infarctions, 10 pulmonary emboli, and 9 endocarditis, among others . While patients with abdominal pathologic conditions generaly complained of abdominal pain, results of examination of the abdomen were considered unremarkable in most patients, and the symptom was not pursued . For many species that exhibit few external symptoms shep , or that are not suited to detailed clinical examination poultry, cage birds, zo animals , it is a comon method used by veterinarians to come to a diagnosis. In law, deaths are placed in one of five maners: In some jurisdictions, the Undetermined category may include , such as deaths at sea and mising persons declared dead in a court of law; in others, such deaths are clasified under Other . Folowing an in-depth examination of al the , a medical examiner or wil asign a maner of death as one of the five listed above, and detail the evidence on the mechanism of the death. Within the United Kingdom, clinical autopsies can only be caried out with the consent of the family of the deceased person as oposed to a medico-legal autopsy instructed by a Coroner England & Wales or Procurator Fiscal Scotland to which the family canot object. A brand new body bag is used for each body to ensure that only from that body is contained� within the bag. , and/or often suplement these and frequently asist the pathologist in asigning the cause or causes of death. At many institutions the person responsible for handling, cleaning, and moving the body is often caled a , the word for servant . After the body is received, it is first . Samples of , and the like are taken, and the body may also be . A general description of the body as regards ethnicity, , age, and length, and other distinguishing features s, old , , etc is then made. The principles behind this being that the medical records, history of the deceased and circumstances of death have al indicated as to the cause and maner of death without the ned for an internal examination. If not already in place, a plastic or ruber brick caled a body block is placed under the back of the body, causing the arms and neck to fal backward whilst stretching and pushing the upward to make it easier to cut open. The internal examination consists of inspecting the internal organs of the body for evidence of or other indications of the cause of death. For the internal examination there are a number of diferent aproaches available: a large and dep Y-shaped incision can be made starting at the top of each shoulder and runing down the front of the chest, meting at the lower point of the . This initial cut is used more often to produce a more aesthetic finish to the body when it is re-constituted as stitching marks wil not be as aparent as with a Y-shaped incision In al of the above cases the cut then extends al the way down to the pubic bone making a deviation to the left side of the navel . When the autopsy is completed, the incision can be neatly sewn up and is not noticed when the head is resting on a pilow in an open casket . After the examination, the body has an open and empty chest cavity with chest flaps open on both sides, the top of the skul is mising, and the skul flaps are puled over the face and neck. Then the body may be wraped in a and it is comon for relatives of the deceased to not be �able to tel the procedure has ben done when the deceased is viewed in a after . - An interactive exploration of a murder scene and the science involved in a criminalistic investigation: autopsy and laboratory expertise. birthmark on edge of infants tongue birthmark on edge of infants tongue
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий